bali_S16.md

world/regions/bali/page/bali_S16.md

Section 16 — Academic References and Books to Acquire

CANON SUBORDINATION — this document is PROPOSAL-TIER: it serves canon and never outranks it.

The canon: the CVD · the T1 foundation docs · the T0 registries (registries/) · the spine

(docs/spine/CH_*.md) · the region pages (_source/02_Tier_2_Region_Pages/). Authority order: docs/DOC_MAP.md § 0.

Canon served (scanned from this document's own citations — widen it by hand where it is thin):

T0_Character_Index

READ THAT CANON FIRST — open it and derive from it before you build anything from this document.

If this document disagrees with canon, CANON WINS and this document is the defect — fix the

document, never the canon. Nothing here is applied until it is ratified into canon.

Every citation carries its use_class (SUBSTRATE · ESOTERIC-PRIMARY · AUTHORIAL-REBUTTAL ·

REFERENCE · TONE · DUPLICATE · FRINGE-SKIP). Book-substrate citations arrive via the query layer with SRC_

ids, region-filtered (query_substrate --region bali); the corpus_query_log trail rides the page.

Region-scoping stays a correctness requirement rather than a convenience: the bali shelf now holds

four processed sources spanning evidence tiers that run from a trade-press ethnography to a

peer-reviewed genetics paper, and an unfiltered query mixes an ethnographer's first-hand Balinese

fieldwork with a conservation-genetics dataset that carries no cultural content at all. The two are

both true and both usable, and they are usable for different things — which is what the rest of

this section fixes in writing.

Processed substrate (in the corpus now)

Four sources are processed, deep-read and audited on this shelf. All four are declared here; the

Region Identity block's processed-source line owes the same four ids, and Section 20's session plan

owes the two additions.

• Eiseman, Bali: Sekala & Niskala — THE region keystone: sekala/niskala, Tri Hita Karana, the

leyak/pengiwa and penengen crafts, Rangda-Barong, bhuta-kala and caru, gamelan and wayang,

keris, Pawukon [SRC: SRC_00157] · SUBSTRATE

• Cultural Landscape of Bali Province — the UNESCO subak nomination dossier (2011): the

water-temple system, Jatiluwih, Pura Ulun Danu Batur, the Tri Hita Karana landscape case

[SRC: SRC_00251] · SUBSTRATE

• Ashraf, "The Extirpation of Bali and Javan Tiger: Lessons from the Past", FAO/RAP Tigerpaper

XXXIII:3 (Jul-Sept 2006), printed pp. 3-7 with the references running onto p. 8 — the Section-3

apex-fauna anchor: the Bali tiger's island-wide range and forest habitat, the sister Javan tiger,

and the historical extirpation drivers (Dutch colonial sport-hunting plus agricultural and road

fragmentation), which back the CR_0017 roster row and the chapter's thriving pre-fragmentation

~1200 CE state [SRC: SRC_00482] · SUBSTRATE

• Xue et al., "Genetic Ancestry of the Extinct Javan and Bali Tigers", Journal of Heredity

106(3):247-257 (2015) — the peer-reviewed authority that GOVERNS every taxonomic and

extinction-dating claim on this shelf, places the Bali tiger inside a monophyletic Sunda-Islands

clade with its Javan and Sumatran kin, and supplies the SCIENCE_GROUNDING L3 lane (Sunda-Shelf

land bridges, coalescence dating, the museum-specimen trail) [SRC: SRC_00496] · REFERENCE

The use_class split between the two tiger sources is deliberate and is the honest reading of what

each one can do on the page. SRC_00482 is SUBSTRATE because its content is the animal in its

landscape — range, forest habitat, prey, the pressures that eventually removed it — which is

material a player of the ~1200 CE frame can walk through. SRC_00496 is REFERENCE because its

content is a laboratory result: a phylogeny recovered from museum skins in 2015. It has no

era-present investigable surface, its record honestly carries no civilizational marks, and its work

here is governance and authorial grounding, not in-frame play. The two body facts it lends the

CR_0017 roster row — the Bali tiger's smaller overall size beside its Javan sister

[SRC: SRC_00496, p. 252] and a roughly five-year generation with ungulate-prey dependence

[SRC: SRC_00496, p. 255] — enter as reference-backed enrichment of a substrate row, never as

something the chapter's player deduces.

Evidence tiers, and which source governs what

• SRC_00157 is primary ethnography of the strongest descriptive kind — first-hand, long-residence

participant observation — and it is a 1990 trade-press essay collection without peer review.

Descriptive Balinese practice from it is well supported. Its comparative far ends, where the

author relays general Indological knowledge from outside his own fieldwork, are the weaker half

and should not harden before the Belo acquisition lands.

• SRC_00251 is institutional grey literature: a state-party World Heritage nomination dossier,

expert-compiled, ICOMOS-evaluated, and citing peer-reviewed work throughout. It is strong on the

engineering and governance record and is the page's best anchor for the subak system. The

evidence-tier vocabulary has no member for this class yet; the gap is recorded, not invented past.

• SRC_00482 is a non-peer-reviewed FAO/RAP regional quarterly bulletin. Its factual account of

range, habitat and extirpation is uncontroversial and matches the specialist literature; what is

dated is its taxonomy, which uses the classical eight-or-nine-subspecies scheme.

• SRC_00496 is peer-reviewed, and therefore governs. Where the two tiger sources touch the same

question, SRC_00496 wins: all Sunda-island tigers now resolve to one recent lineage differing by

only one or two nucleotides [SRC: SRC_00496, p. 247, p. 252], so the separate-subspecies status

must never be presented as current science. Nothing on the page breaks — "Bali tiger" as the

island's own apex, and the historically-used balica binomial, remain entirely legitimate for a

~1200 CE frame and for CR_0017.

Two governing facts fall out of that and bind every section that touches the tiger or the island's

biogeography:

• Bali sits on the SUNDA SHELF, west of the Wallace Line, which runs between Bali and Lombok.

SRC_00482 names it among "the Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo)"

[SRC: SRC_00482, p. 7], and SRC_00496 grounds the same point genetically in the repeated

Pleistocene land bridges that joined Bali, Java and Sumatra as recently as the Last Glacial

Maximum [SRC: SRC_00496, p. 248, p. 253]. Bali is not a Wallacea island; Flores is. One harvested

rationale asserted otherwise and the audit corrected it against its own source, so no section of

this page repeats it in any form. What relation the two islands do bear to one another is the

link-graph lane's question to answer, and this section leaves it there rather than settling it in

prose.

• Extinction dating carries BOTH events rather than one, so no later reader "corrects" a true

statement into a false one: last confirmed record 1937 (the 1930s in the genetics literature

[SRC: SRC_00496, p. 255]); gone from the wild by the end of the 1940s [SRC: SRC_00482, p. 5;

SRC: SRC_00496, p. 247]. Section 3's existing 1937 anchor stands and gains the second date beside

it. The Javan sister ran on to a last reliable sighting in 1976 and is treated as extinct in the

1980s [SRC: SRC_00496, p. 247, p. 255] — a cross-pipeline fact offered to the Ch-5 Java owners,

never authored onto their canon from here.

Citation-anchor conventions (verified, not assumed)

Each source numbers its pages differently, and every one of the four was verified chunk-by-chunk

against the stored text during audit. Builders citing these sources use the conventions below;

citing a raw PDF index instead of the printed page is the single most common provenance defect on

this shelf and it has already produced anchor drift in two of the four records (SRC_00251 and

SRC_00482).

• SRC_00157 — cite the PRINT page. The offset against the PDF is print page equals PDF page minus

thirteen. Eight anchors resolve exactly across all four row classes and are the shelf's verified

spine: p. 2 (rwa bineda), p. 8 (kori agung, bhoma, candi bentar), p. 62 (Kala Rauh, the churning,

Tirtha Amertha), p. 147 (balian practice), p. 152 (keris metallurgy and the earliest firm relief

evidence), p. 250 (Uluwatu among the sad kahyangan; Rudra), p. 296 (the Barong drama fragment),

p. 307 (the panasar). The record's page_coverage is null, so an anchor outside this verified set

is checked before it ships.

• SRC_00251 — cite the dossier's own II-n section pagination. Several citations in the harvest ran

one to two pages late by reading PDF indices as print pages; the corrected anchors are II-5 (the

shared water obligation, the multi-subak congregations, the Lansing and Miller footnote), II-54

(the Bebetin A I AD 896 undagi aungan tunnel engineers), II-65 (the "haji lumah ing jalu"

inscription), II-71 (Raffles 1811 and the Liefrinck/Montesquieu quotation). Every claim is

genuinely attested; only the anchors moved.

• SRC_00482 — cite the bulletin's PRINTED page. The p. 5, p. 6 and p. 7 anchors already do so; any

"p. 2" anchor in the harvest is a PDF index and resolves to the bulletin cover. The article opens

on printed p. 3, which is where both binomials are named.

• SRC_00496 — cite the journal print pages 247-257, which is the convention the record's own

provenance note declares. Every anchor in that record resolves to real text on the cited page.

One consumption rule rides with these. SRC_00482's own description of Bali's rich volcanic slopes

[SRC: SRC_00482, p. 5] is about IRRIGATION, and its monsoon-forest phrasing on the following page

is about east Java. What it says of Bali tiger habitat is "the large blocks of forested land that

was the home of tigers in the island" [SRC: SRC_00482, p. 5], and that is the sentence to cite. The

Agung-watershed monsoon forest stays the chapter's setting on Section 1's own terrain authority; it

simply is not sourced to this bulletin.

MUST-ACQUIRE (specialist primary anchors not yet in the corpus)

• Belo, Trance in Bali and Rangda and Barong — the Rangda-ambivalence keystone, and the

§17.1-critical source for the never-villainized guardrail. Pass-2 did not reduce this need. It

raised it: the harvest's own comparative far ends (the Durga descent, the calonarang material,

the balance-trial handling) are exactly the claims resting on the weakest evidence tier on the

shelf, and Section 20 continues to gate build-readiness on this acquisition.

• Lansing, Perfect Order — the subak governance study. Partly relieved, not resolved: SRC_00251

carries the engineering, the congregation structure and the self-organization result at dossier

grain, and cites Lansing and Miller 2005 in its own footnotes [SRC: SRC_00251, II-5]. The

monograph is still wanted for the modelling that stands behind the result.

• Endicott, An Analysis of Malay Magic — the pengiwa/penengen craft-distinction frame (note the

malay_world overlap). Untouched by pass-2; SRC_00157 remains the sole anchor for the distinction

the chapter's lead questline runs on.

• A tiger-ecology source (field-sign and behaviour). Newly raised by pass-2 and specific: the

tracking loop's field craft — pugmarks, scrapes, cached ungulate kills, scent-marking — is

attested by neither tiger record. SRC_00496 supports body size, generation time and prey

dependence and nothing about tracking behaviour; SRC_00482 supports range and habitat. The loop

is sound and the underlying sign is well documented elsewhere, but the rewards-intelligence

pillar promises real science exactly here, so the minigame spec is grounded before it is built.

• The Usana Bali textual tradition. SRC_00251 attests only the demonic king who creates a poison

spring and Indra's answering strike that makes the holy water [SRC: SRC_00251, II-64]; attributes

beyond that come from the wider textual tradition, which the corpus does not yet hold.

Verify list (thin in the processed corpus)

• The Warmadewa-era political detail. STILL OPEN after pass-2 — neither tiger source touches

political history at all, and neither existing source carries the dynastic record at the grain

Section 8 needs. Remains a Section-8 deep-research gap.

• The ~1200 CE kepeng-currency layer. STILL OPEN, unchanged, and now the thinner of the two: the

trade and exchange substrate has no anchor in any of the four processed sources. Remains a

Section-9 deep-research gap.

• Scholarly anchoring for living-community claims. Claims about a living sect's own

self-understanding, and about a living social system's ranked order, currently rest on a single

1990 trade-press ethnography with no academic apparatus. These are the highest-consequence claims

on the shelf for §17.1 purposes and take a scholarly anchor before they harden into registry rows.

• The Pande clan's own lontar (Prasasti Sira Pande Empu). Any clan-origin attribution is verified

against that primary or a specialist study before it becomes a T0_Character_Index row; a wrong

ancestor attributed to a living clan is a misattribution, not a detail.

• Zone Catalog gaps the sources exposed. Three sites carrying real cited material have no zone row:

the Batur crater rim (Pura Ulun Danu Batur and its lake) [SRC: SRC_00251, II-19, II-20], the

Pakerisan gorge (the rock-cut candi and meditation niches) [SRC: SRC_00251, II-33, II-65], and a

highland forest or watershed zone for the tiger observation loop, which the seven existing rows

cannot host without pushing a fauna loop inside a protected temple precinct. Recorded as a page

obligation rather than papered over with a wrong zone.

Rabbit holes (minimum five; the list is a research queue, not decoration)

• The Blanjong pillar (914 CE) as the island's attested first-writing anchor.
• The usada healing-lontar corpus behind the balian's branching craft [SRC: SRC_00157, p. 147].
• The pande clan origin traditions.
• The Ogoh-ogoh and Nyepi cycle's history.
• The kotekan interlock read as information structure, and the paired-tuning acoustics that produce

the shimmering ombak [SRC: SRC_00157 — Eiseman, Bali: Sekala & Niskala].

• The trance-crisis keris protection in the Barong drama [SRC: SRC_00157, p. 296].
• The Pawukon as a genuine combinatorial calendar — ten concurrent weeks of one to ten days

generating the day-name lattice the auspicious-day layer reads off [SRC: SRC_00157 — Eiseman,

Bali: Sekala & Niskala].

• The Wallace Line itself, which runs between Bali and Lombok, and the Sunda-Shelf land bridges

that repeatedly rejoined Bali, Java and Sumatra until the end of the Last Glacial Maximum

[SRC: SRC_00496, p. 248, p. 253]. This is deep-time science: it files under SCIENCE_GROUNDING as

authorial research and as modern-strata material, never as depth a player of the ~1200 CE frame

investigates in frame.

• The tiger coalescence problem: all modern tigers share a very recent common ancestor, dated in

this study to roughly 94,500 years, with the Toba super-eruption of about 73,500 years ago

proposed as a contributing bottleneck [SRC: SRC_00496, p. 248, p. 253]. Toba is a Sumatran event

and grounds a volcanic-catastrophe register only; it is never asserted as a Balinese event, and

Agung is never presented as Toba-class.

• The museum diaspora of the last physical Bali tigers, corrected to what the specimen table

actually shows: two voucher Bali specimens at Stuttgart, plus four specimens at Amsterdam and

Leiden that carry the Bali haplotype but are recorded only as Indonesian or unknown in origin,

with the Amsterdam holdings transferred to Leiden in 2010 [SRC: SRC_00496, p. 249]. The

Shanghai, St Petersburg and private New York specimens in the same table hold Javan and Sumatran

material and belong to no Bali claim. This trail is documented archival history and files under

SCIENCE_GROUNDING, not the esoteric lane.

• The Manukaya sky-stone and the rite that outlived its own literacy: a community performed the

washing rite correctly on the full moon of the fourth month for a thousand years before the

inscription was read again [SRC: SRC_00251, II-62]. The achievement the research honours is the

transmission, and the recovery routes through Manukaya's own priests and custodians; the

1920s decipherment stays authorial and design-layer provenance.

What this section does not carry

The gate rule this section holds itself to runs both ways: no SRC id appears here that is not cited

in a body section, and no source cited in a body section is absent here. SRC_00157 and SRC_00251

are already carried across the body. The two additions are queued to the sections that own their

material — SRC_00482 and SRC_00496 to Section 3's fauna register and to Section 13's observation

loop, with the modern-strata beats queued to Section 19 — and this section cannot see whether those

sections took them, so the assembly pass verifies both directions rather than assuming them. Books

named as MUST-ACQUIRE carry no SRC id by design — they are not in the corpus, and inventing an id

for an unowned book would make the query layer lie. Where the harvest proposed a

controlled-vocabulary member the project has not ratified — an evidence-tier value for

institutional grey literature, a link-type for common-descent fauna relations, a quest_type for any

of the loops these sources feed — this page records the gap and writes around it. Those are rulings

pending, and a reference section is the last place to resolve one by using it.

Generated by harness/site/structure_site.py — the URL path is the repo path. review root